Graphics Math: Type Terms and Measurements

In his book, "The Newspaper Designers Handbook," Tim Harrower compares using type right out of the computer to wearing a suit right off of the rack. "It won't fit right until you tailor it a bit," Harrower said. 

This means that we, as designers, need to pay close attention to the kerning, tracking, justification and leading of all of the type we use. Below are some standard type terms and their definitions. 

Leading: The space between lines of type and is measured from baseline to baseline. Leading is not the same as line spacing. Line spacing measured in proportional measure (single, double, etc.). Where leading is measured in exact values, such as points.
Baseline: Where all the lowercase letters sit
Ascender: Things that go above the cap height
Descender: Things that hang below the baseline
Xhight: How tall the majority of all the lowercase letters are
Cap Hight: How tall the majority of the capital letters are
Kerning: The adjustment of the space between individual letter forms 
Tracking: The uniform adjustment of spacing applied over a range of characters